Composition of the Atmosphere.
The atmosphere is the gaseous layer covering the planet Earth, and remain trapped by gravitational force. In relative terms the size of Earth, the thickness of the atmosphere is very small because the 99% of its mass is concentrated within 30 km above the Earth's surface.
Parties that make these 30km, or 99% atmosphere.
Near surface air dry (no water vapor) is composed of:
- Nitrogen (N)
- 78.1% Oxygen (O2) 20.9% 1%
- Various Gases: Argon (A) 0.93%, sulfur dioxide carbon or carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.033%, and others such as neon (Ne) and helium (He) with lower concentrations.
water vapor and CO2 are the two most important gaseous components in the generation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Global Warming.
global warming is an increase in time, the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. The global warming theory postulates that the temperature has risen since the late nineteenth century due to human activity, mainly by emissions of CO2 that fostered the greenhouse effect.
What is the cause of global warming?
Carbon dioxide and other air pollutants accumulating in our atmosphere, creating an increasingly thick layer. Because it traps more heat in the sun and gives result in warming our planet, not given by natural cycles. The main source of carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are the generation of power plants based on coal (2.500 million tons emitted per year). The second source is the cars, which paortan nearly 1.500 million tonnes of CO2 a year.
Greenhouse. Formally
can explain global warming detailing processes that are triggered in the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect of Earth's atmosphere is related to radiative processes occurring in it. Radiation is a form of heat energy, and is the only one that is transmitted in a vacuum. Other modes of transmission of heat energy in the natural environment are the conduction and convection. Conduction occurs when heat propagates through a solid (eg the propagation of heat from the surface soil to lower levels). In fluids (gases and liquids) heat is transferred by convection process through which relatively warm parts of the fluid moving and then mixed and integrated into a relatively cooler environment.
The characteristics of the radiation that propagates in the form of electromagnetic waves has to do with the temperature of the issuing body (as all the bodies to a lesser or greater extent they do). In the atmosphere are present two types of radiation. On one side is the solar radiation that comes from the sun's surface to about 6000 ° C.
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This is manifested mainly in the form of rays in the visible spectrum. On the other hand, the Earth's surface (continents, oceans, ice caps, all components that lie in the earth's crust) and the atmosphere also emit radiation, but with an energy level much lower than that of the Sun This radiation called infrared, not visible to the naked eye, but is spread similarly to solar radiation .
The atmosphere is quite transparent to solar radiation is considerably more opaque to infrared radiation coming from the Earth's surface. In fact, a large part of terrestrial infrared radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere by so-called greenhouse gases, among which the most important are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor. This infrared radiative energy trapped by the atmosphere is re-emitted into the Earth's surface. That will add up and accumulate during the day, solar radiation, and partially offsetting overnight cooling of the surface.
greenhouse Analysis in the Twentieth Century.
Thus the net effect of greenhouse gases is to increase the average temperature near the surface. Hence then the concern about the effect it can have on global climate continued to register increases in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere due to industrial activity:
In the twentieth century records of pioneer scientists early of the 1960's, began to show a clear pattern of sustained growth in a steady increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere of our planet. Fuentes.
- http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/temas/estructura/estructura5.htm
- http://www.cambioclimaticoglobal.com/atmosfe2.html
- http://www.cambioclimatico.org/
- http://www.cambio-climatico.com/
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